资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
钱钟书杨绛印象记****** 邓国治 说真的,那天跟着朋友去南沙沟,我的目的很明确,就是想采访一下钱钟书、杨绛夫妇。没想到,才得进门,钱老便先申明:“你们作为朋友来访,我这里当然欢迎;若是为的新闻采访,那么,恕不接待。” 我只好换掉了身份,从记者变成读者。其实,首先还是读者,正是读了二老的著作,才产生了想采访的愿望。 正好杨绛也在家。读过她的《干校六记》,脑子里先有了一个爽朗、幽默的印象,待得见面,却是位恬静、温柔的女学者。几十年风尘仆仆,她依然还是当年东吴大学文学院女生那种南国闺秀形象。钱老把我们介绍给老伴,随即笑说:“一听说记者,我先是吓一跳。后见他们来意甚善,这才没有用‘太极拳’的方式……”“太极拳”者,是指拳中的“推”式——拒而不纳也。 钱老说:“我不愿意宣传。我今年70多岁了,我只想抓紧时间,多做一点事。宣传,只能给我帮倒忙。《围城》出版后,报纸上一登,就平添了那么多来访的、来信的,向我要书……” 《围城》从1947年上海初版后,接着两年又印了两版,此后暌违30载,直到1980年才出了新的一版,印数13万册,几乎未出月就销光;新二版已于不久前印出。除了国内出版的,和香港有它的“盗印”本外,译成外文的,便有英、俄、日、德等国文字。《围城》影响可谓大矣。 杨绛抗战时期写过剧本,建国以后翻译过多种文字的外国文学名著,著名的《唐•吉诃德》、《吉尔•布拉斯》等都是她翻译的。近年来,开始转向写小说、散文,她诙谐地说:“这两年,眼睛花了,懒得看小字、查字典,所以就自己写点即兴文字——我这也是个偷懒的办法吧,实际上是不务正业!”——她在外国文学研究所工作。 这一“不务正业”,使我们看到了杨绛的许多新作。《干校六记》由三联书店出版了,人民文学出版社还将出版《杨绛小说散文选》。她的文字,情真意真,读来十分亲切;而那幽默诙谐的风格,又让人想到她所有翻译过的塞万提斯、勒萨日等人的文章。尽管钱老在他为《干校六记》所作的小引里说到“《浮生六记》——一部我很不喜欢的书。”《干校六记》还是让人想到了《浮生六记》,也想到了《项脊轩志》、《泷冈阡表》一类古代散文中的名篇。尽管时代不同,内容各别,但一个“真”字却是共同的,也是最能揪动人心的。看似身边琐事,细小,甚至是絮絮道来,但由于这一“真”字,就使你不但不觉琐细无聊,反而像置身其中,与主人翁共同欢乐,共同叹息,共同着急。我喜欢杨绛的文章,我想,最最主要的便在这个“真”字上。 “文如其人”,钱老夫妇待人接物,也同他们的文字一样——如果能够这么类比的话。虽是初次见面,但不大功夫,二老就同我们谈得很坦率,很真诚。听说我喜欢书画,还一次次地从书柜里取出外国朋友赠送的外文版中国画册,不厌其烦地一页页翻给我看,讲给我听。杨绛已逾古稀,比我年长整整一倍,而她对我们说话,就像同朋友一样,真切而随便,使你立刻摆脱了拘束。钱老也如是,说起近年来杂务缠身,以至有些读者来信顾不得细细作答时,他回身从书桌上翻出一封来信,指点着给我们看:“这是一个20年前就来过信的读者。喏,你们看,他这里还责备我,为什么20年前你的回信那样热情洋溢,现在却做不到了。他说这很让他失望……” 其实,这是错怪了钱老。人的精力、时间毕竟有限,且不说经过这20年下来钱老的身体不用秘书、助手,而近年来会议、头衔的有增无减,又要占去他大量有用的时间。钱老给我们看了一大堆各色各样的请柬,什么“吴敬梓研究会”、“水浒研究会”,还有许多的会议通知……他说:“现在我什么‘会’也不想参加,我只是想尽量多做一点工作,写一点东西。国外有好几处邀我去的,我也不想去,都婉谢了……”面对这几年来盛行的出洋“考察”风,和争头衔、排名次等等一系列的讲究,我感到,面前的这位老人是如此可敬! 而钱老治学广博与严谨,也的确令人肃然起敬!他是1937年英国牛津大学的副博士,精通多门外语——他只是自谦地说:“那时要考学位,除主攻一门外文外,还必须兼通两门外语。”意思这不过是环境使然罢了。而其实,精通外语到能写作的程度,这可不是一般的功夫就可达到的。尤为难得的是,他同时还精熟中国文学,包括深奥到诘屈聱牙的一些古代文史哲著作。中华书局出版的四部头的《管锥编》,就是他对《周易正义》、《毛诗正义》、《史记会注考证》、《老子王弼注》、《列子张湛注》等十多部历代有关著作与西洋文学哲学著作进行比较后的一些札记,里面有不少新的见解和有趣的比较。这里,十余部中国古代史专著与英、德、法、意、拉丁文5种外语的引文,不论是纵是横,都可以当得上洋洋大观的了。 而钱钟书先生,除了融汇古今,博通中外,他还写得一手好书法,有深厚的艺术修养。杨绛,则与其说是贤内助,不如说首先是同志,是志同道合的伴侣。 因为是“印象”,因为钱、杨二老的反对采访而使我在交谈中没有作一言半语的记载,所以,我只是想到哪里,写到哪里,也不一定说清了些什么,有些事实也未经核实。而且,最根本的还在于未曾征得二老的同意。但,心里有些印象,不写总觉得不舒坦——这也是文人的一种劣根性吧。姑存于此,且待骂声。 (1982年7月) (文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |